KEBIJAKAN RAMAH KELUARGA PADA NEGARA RAMAH KELUARGA VERSI UNICEF: SEBUAH KAJIAN CAKUPAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35760/psi.2025.v18i1.384Kata Kunci:
Kajian cakupan, Kebijakan ramah keluarga, Keseimbangan kerja-keluarga, UNICEFAbstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan memetakan implementasi kebijakan ramah keluarga (family-friendly policies/FFP) pada negara-negara yang dipandang paling ramah keluarga menurut UNICEF (2019), yaitu Swedia, Norwegia, dan Islandia. Metode yang digunakan adalah scoping review dengan panduan PRISMA-ScR dan kerangka CHIP untuk merumuskan pertanyaan kajian, strategi pencarian, serta kriteria inklusi-eksklusi. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data Science Direct, EBSCOhost, dan Emerald dengan rentang publikasi 2011–2021. Dari 895 artikel yang teridentifikasi, 24 artikel memenuhi kriteria akhir dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil menunjukkan tiga kategori utama kebijakan ramah keluarga: (1) pengaturan kerja fleksibel (flexitime, kerja paruh waktu, pengurangan jam kerja), (2) cuti orang tua berbayar, termasuk cuti ayah yang tidak dapat dipindahtangankan, dan (3) kebijakan perawatan anak melalui layanan penitipan bersubsidi maupun tunjangan finansial. Implementasi kebijakan di negara Nordik dipengaruhi oleh Model Nordik yang menekankan kesetaraan, solidaritas, dan universalisme. Pemanfaatan kebijakan tinggi, khususnya cuti ayah dan layanan perawatan anak, yang berdampak pada peningkatan partisipasi kerja perempuan, keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan, serta kesejahteraan keluarga. Dibandingkan dengan Indonesia, dukungan negara Nordik jauh lebih komprehensif, namun arah kebijakan di Indonesia menunjukkan perkembangan positif melalui regulasi baru dan inisiatif perusahaan.
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