KESEPIAN, FEAR OF MISSING OUT DAN PERBANDINGAN SOSIAL PADA PENGGUNA INSTAGRAM

Aprilia M. Ayuningsih

doi:10.35760/psi.2025.v18i2.463

Authors

Aprilia M. Ayuningsih Gunadarma University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35760/psi.2025.v18i2.463

Keywords:

Fear of missing out, Instagram, Kesepian, Perbandingan sosial

Abstract

Instagram merupakan salah satu media sosial yang banyak digunakan untuk berbagi momen. Namun seiring dengan perkembangannya, memunculkan kesepian secara digital yang dipengaruhi oleh kecemasan akan ketertinggalan informasi berharga dan juga adanya perbandingan sosial terhadap konten yang diberikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji fear of missing out dan perbandingan sosial terhadap kesepian pada pengguna instagram. Penelitian ini melibatkan 209 pengguna instagram. yang berusia 18 – 34 tahun. Alat ukur pada penelitian ini mengacu pada teori Russell (1996) untuk mengukur kesepian, Skala fear of missing out berdasarkan teori aspek Przybylski dkk, (2013) dan Iowa Netherland Comparison Measure yang dikembangkan oleh Festinger (1954). Berdasarkan hasil analisis, hipotesis yang diajukan diterima yang berarti ada pengaruh yang sangat signifikan dari fear of missing out dan perbandingan sosial terhadap kesepian dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,01). Hasil menunjukkan fear of missing out meningkatkan kesepian secara signifikan dan perbandingan sosial secara signifikan meningkatkan kesepian.

References

Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L., & Burr, S. A. (2016). Social media and the fear of missing out: Scale development and assessment. Journal of Business & Economics Research, 14(1).

Alabri, A. (2022). Fear of missing out (FOMO): The effects of the need to belong, perceived centrality, and fear of social exclusion. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 4824256. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4824256

Andrade, F., Erwim, S., Burnell, K., Jackson, J., Storch, M., Nicholas, J., Zucker, N. (2023). Intervening on social comparisons on social media: Electronic daily diary pilot study. JMIR Ment Health. doi: 10.2196/42024

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal Development, 57-89.

Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3–21.

Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015). Loneliness: clinical import and interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615570616

Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140–151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140

Dempsey, A. E., O’Brien, K. D., Tiamiyu, M. F., & Elhai, J. D. (2019). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and rumination mediate relations between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100150.

Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2018). Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 89, 289-298.

Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., & Young, J. (2018). No more FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(10), 751–768. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751

Hysing, M., Petrie, K. J., Bøe, T., Lønning, K. J., & Sivertsen, B. (2020). Only the lonely: A study of loneliness among university students in Norway. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2(1), e2781.

Khan, M. H., & Qureshi, R. A. (2023). Fear of missing out (FOMO), social comparison and social media addiction among young adults. Pakistan Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(1), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.22236/pjap.12345.

Meier, A., & Schäfer, S. (2018). The positive side of social comparison on social network sites: How envy can drive inspiration on Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(7), 411-417.

Parveiz, S., Amjad, A., Ayub, S., (2023). Fear of missing out (FOMO), social comparison and social media addiction among young adults. Pakistan Journal of Applied Psychology 3(1), 224-235. doi: 10.52461/pjap.v3i1.1283

Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. Dalam Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1–18). Wiley- interscience publication.

Prasetiyo, S. M., Gustiawan, R., & Albani, F. R. (2024). Analisis pertumbuhan pengguna internet di Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Ilmu Komputer dan Multimedia (BIIKMA), 2(1), 65-71

Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014.

Ramadhan, P. A., & Coralia, F. (2022). Hubungan antara self-disclosure dan loneliness pada mahasiswa pengguna instagram di kota palembang. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science, 2(2), 525–533. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v2i3.3129

Rizaty, M. A. (2022). Pengguna Instagram Indonesia terbesar keempat di dunia.

Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2

Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472–480.

Stead, H., & Bibby, P. A. (2017). Personality, fear of missing out and problematic internet use and their relationship to subjective well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 534-540.

Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Talwar, S., & Kaur, P. (2023). Social media-induced fear of missing out (FoMO) and social media fatigue: The role of narcissism, comparison and disclosure. Journal of Business Research, 159, 113693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113693

Vankar, P. (2023, November 29). Percentage of people worldwide who reported negative effects on wellbeing from feelings of loneliness in 2022, by age group. Statista.

Varga, G., Balogh, A. B., & Reinhardt, M. (2025). Exploring contributors to FoMO (fear of missing out) among university students: The role of social comparison, social media addiction, loneliness, and perfectionism. Acta Psychologica, 250, 104463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. actpsy.2024.104463

Zhang, L., Li, C., Zhou, T., Li, Q., & Gu, C. (2022). Social networking site use and loneliness: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Psychology, 156(7), 492–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00223980.2022.2035249

Zhao, L., & Zhang, Y. (2025). The longitudinal relationship between loneliness and problematic social networking site use in college students: The mediating role of trait- and state-fear of missing out. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1477239. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025. 1477239