MAPPING GREEN PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES): A LITERATURE-BASED EXPLORATION OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICES

Gusti Ayu Made Hanny Dian Savitri; Diyah Ratna Fauziana; Erni Ernawati

doi:10.35760/eb.2026.v31i1.98

Penulis

Gusti Ayu Made Hanny Dian Savitri PPM School of Management Penulis
Diyah Ratna Fauziana PPM School of Management Penulis
Erni Ernawati PPM School of Management Penulis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35760/eb.2026.v31i1.98

Kata Kunci:

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Green Performance Indicators, Literature Review

Abstrak

This study aims to systematically examine the practices of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) within the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with a focus on green performance indicators used across various academic studies. The review employs a qualitative approach through a literature review of articles indexed in Scopus. A total of 131 articles were retrieved and through a step-by-step screening process based on relevance to the research questions, 24 articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The findings reveal that the most commonly used green performance indicators include Green HRM, Green Innovation, Environment Performance, Government Intervention Policy, Operational Efficiency, dan Technological Adoptions. However, most studies have not employed standardized measurement frameworks, particularly in the context of SMEs in developing countries. This review identifies a gap in the literature regarding green performance measurement, which can serve as a foundation for developing more contextual and applicable evaluation models for the SME sector. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable GSCM implementation strategies and policies.

Unduhan

Data unduhan tidak tersedia.

Referensi

Afolabi, H., Ram, R., Hussainey, K., Nandy, M., & Lodh, S. (2022). Exploration of small and medium entities’ actions on sustainability practices and their implications for a greener economy. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(4), 655–681. doi:10.1108/JAAR-09-2022-0252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-09-2022-0252

Alexander, H. B. (2024, January 6). 4,19 juta IKM serap 65,52 persen tenaga kerja industri nasional. Retrieved from: https://lestari.kompas.com/read/2024/01/06/185735186/419-juta-ikm-serap-6552-persen-tenaga-kerja-industri-nasional.

Alhitmi, H. & Khalifa Ndambuki, D. (2023). Examining the impact of Russia‑Ukraine conflict and China support on the supply chain of German family‑owned SMEs in 2022. Asian Journal of Political Science, 31(3), 273-286. doi:10.1080/02185377.2023.2285921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2023.2285921

Al Naimat, A., & Davies, L. (2025). A systematic literature review of supply chain management strategies and SME performance: A retrospective analysis, current trends and future opportunities. Engineering Economics, 36(2), 192-211. doi:10.5755/j01.ee.36.2.39372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.36.2.39372

Altassan, M. (2024). The moderating mediating model of green climate and green innovation’s effect on environmental performance. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 345–358. doi:10.5267/j.uscm.2023.9.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.9.016

ANTARA News. (2024, March 7). MSMEs contribute 61 percent to Indonesia’s GDP: President Jokowi. Retrieved from: https://en.antaranews.com/news/307899/msmes-contribute-61-percent-to-indonesias-gdp-president-jokowi.

Babalola, H. B., Abdul Rahim, M. K. I., & Omar, S. (2024). Environmental factors and adoption of green supply chain management among SMEs in Nigeria: Moderating role of environmental uncertainty. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(1), 640–650. doi:10.32479/ijeep.15456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.15456

Benjamin, A. K., Shee, H. K., & de Vass, T. (2023). Integrated lean-green practices and supply chain sustainability framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 413, 137611. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137611

Brilliana, C. W., Baihaqi, I., & Persada, S. F. (2020). Praktik Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) pada UKM. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 9(1), F42-F46. doi:10.12962/j23373539.v9i1.48112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v9i1.48112

Cazeria, G. T., Anholon, R., Ordoñez, R. E. C., & Novaski, O. (2017). Performance measurement of green supply chain management: A literature review and gaps for further research. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 14(1), 60–72. doi:10.14488/BJOPM.2017.v14.n1.a7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14488/BJOPM.2017.v14.n1.a7

Dzikriansyah, M. A., Masudin, I., Zulfikarijah, F., Jihadi, M., & Jatmiko, R. D. (2023). The role of green supply chain management practices on environmental performance: A case of Indonesian small and medium enterprises. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 6(March 2023), 1-10. doi:10.1016/j.clscn.2023.100100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2023.100100

Faisol, Widiawati, H. S., Ramadhani, R. A., & Sumantri, B. A. (2025). The role of market uncertainty in fostering innovation and green supply chain management on the performance of tourism SMEs. Sustainability, 17(2), 1234–1250. doi:10.3390/su17021234.

Gawusu, S., Zhang, X., Jamatutu, S. A., Abubakari, A., Amadu, A. A., & Miensah, E. D. (2021). The dynamics of green supply chain management within the framework of renewable energy. International Journal of Energy Research, 46(2), 1-83. doi:10.1002/er.7278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7278

Gazali, D., & Zainurrafiqi, Z. (2023). The effect of green entrepreneur orientation on network resource acquisition and small and medium enterprises’ business performance with knowledge transfer and integration and green technology dynamism as moderator variables. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 6, 136–153. doi:10.31538/iijse.v6i1.2722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v6i1.2722

Guo, J., Jia, F., Yan, F., & Chen, L. (2024). E‑commerce supply chain finance for SMEs: The role of green innovation. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 27(9), 1596–1615. doi:10.1080/13675567.2023.2167959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2023.2167959

Handfield, R. B., & Nicholas, E. L., Jr. (2002). Supply chain redesign: Converting your supply chain into integrated value systems. USA: FT Press.

Herrmann, F. F., Barbosa-Povoa, A. P., Butturi, M. A., Marinelli, S., & Sellitto, M. A. (2021). Green supply chain management: Conceptual framework and models for analysis. Sustainability, 13(15), 1-20. doi:10.3390/su13158127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158127

Ikhtiari, K., Azis, D. E. P., Ramadani, D., & Putri, A. A. U. F. (2024). Green entrepreneurial intention through green economy for developing student entrepreneurial character in Selangor, Malaysia. Celebes Journal of Community Services, 3(2), 315–326. Retrieved from: https://issn.lipi.go.id/terbit/detail/20220208050983240.

Institute for Essential Services Reform. (2025, November 20). Rising emissions overshadow ambition for 8 percent economic growth. Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR). Retrieved from: https://iesr.or.id/en/rising-emissions-overshadow-ambition-for-8-percent-economic-growth/.

Jo, D., & Kwon, C. (2022). Structure of green supply chain management for sustainability of small and medium enterprises. Sustainability, 14(1), 1-20. doi:10.3390/su14010050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010050

Joo, H.-Y., & Min, H. (2023). Assessing the impacts of government environmental policies on the small and medium-sized firm’s performances in Korea and China. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 30(7), 2275–2302. doi:10.1108/BIJ-04-2021-0200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-12-2021-0754

Judijanto, L., Utami, E.Y., Apriliani, D. & Rijal, S. (2024). A holistic review of MSME entrepreneurship in Indonesia: The role of innovation, sustainability, and the impact of digital transformation. International Journal of Business, Law and Education, 5(1), 119-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i1.355

Junejo, I., Sohu, J. M., Alwadi, B. M., Ejaz, F., Nasir, A., & Hossain, M. B. (2025). Green supply chain management and SMEs’ sustainable performance in developing country: Role of green knowledge sharing, green innovation and big data-driven supply chain. Discover Sustainability, 6(342), 1-19. doi:10.1007/s43621-025-01055-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01055-6

Kalyar, M. N., Shoukat, A., & Shafique, I. (2020). Enhancing firms’ environmental performance and financial performance through green supply chain management practices and institutional pressures. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11(2), 451–476. doi:10.1108/SAMPJ-02-2019-0047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-02-2019-0047

Kania, D., & Bukhori, R. F. (2025). Green innovation management in Indonesian SMEs: Drivers, barriers, and performance implications for sustainable business development. Proceeding of the International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Innovation (ICOSEI), 1(1), 1-6. doi:10.1007/s43621-025-01028-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01028-9

Kumar, A., & Kumar, K. (2023). A multi-objective optimization approach for designing a sustainable supply chain considering carbon emissions. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 15, 1777-1793. doi:10.1007/s13198-023-02085-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-023-02085-x

Kim, S. T., Lee, H.‑H., & Lim, S. (2021). The effects of green SCM implementation on business performance in SMEs: A longitudinal study in electronics industry. Sustainability, 13(21), 1-23. doi:10.3390/su132111874. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111874

Kosasih, W., Pujawan, I. N., & Karningsih, P. D. (2023). Integrated lean‑green practices and supply chain sustainability for manufacturing SMEs: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Sustainability, 15(16), 1-28. doi:10.3390/su151612192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612192

Kumar, R., Gupta, S., & Ur Rehman, U. (2023). Circular economy a footstep toward net zero manufacturing: Critical success factors analysis with case illustration. Sustainability, 15(20), 1-19. doi:10.3390/su152015071. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su152015071

Lu, J., Ren, L., Zhang, C., Rong, D., Ahmed, R. R., & Streimikis, J. (2020). Modified Carroll’s pyramid of corporate social responsibility to enhance organizational performance of SMEs industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271(20 October 2020), 122456. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122456

Maheshwari, S., Jaggi, C. K., & Gautam, P. (2025). A state-of-the-art review of green supply chain management: Observations and business insights. Annals of Operations Research, 358, 193-273. doi:10.1007/s10479-025-06619-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06619-3

Martinez C. E, Flores Valdés JR, Castillo JL, Castillo JV, Blanco Montecino RM, Morin Jimenez JE, Arriaga Escamilla D, & Diarte E. (2023). Ten steps to conduct a systematic review. Cureus, 15(12), 1-11. doi: 10.7759/cureus.51422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51422

Mankar, V., Vichoray, C., Somani, N., Deogaonkar, A., & Ranade, A. (2023). Identifying the barriers to green supply chain practices for small and medium enterprises with reference to Central India. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(4), 1-12. doi:10.55908/sdgs.v11i4.900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i4.900

Muafi, & Kusumawati, R. A. (2021). A nexus between Green HRM (GHRM), supply chain performance (SCP) and business performance (BP): The mediating role of supply chain organizational learning (SCOL). Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 14(2), 329–344. doi:10.3926/jiem.3339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3339

Musa, H., & Chinniah, M. (2016). Malaysian SMEs development: Future and challenges on going green. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224(15 June 2016), 254–262. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.457

Nege, T. B., & Abegaz, M. B. (2024). Sustainable supply chain management for business competitiveness: A systematic literature review. European Business & Management, 10(4), 53–68. doi:10.11648/j.ebm.20241004.11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20241004.11

Olekanma, O., Rodrigo, L. S., Adu, D. A., & Gahir, B. (2024). Small‑ and medium‑sized enterprises’ carbon footprint reduction initiatives as a catalyst for green jobs: A systematic review and comprehensive business strategy agenda. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(7), 6911-6939. doi:10.1002/bse.3846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3846

Owo. (2024, January 5). Kontribusi IKM sebesar 99,7% dari total unit usaha industri – Tahun 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.neraca.co.id/article/192167/kontribusi-ikm-sebesar-997-dari-total-unit-usaha-industri-tahun-2023.

Reynaldy, B. (2024, September 21). 5 sektor industri mikro dan kecil dengan jumlah usaha terbanyak 2023. Retrieved from: https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/5-sektor-industri-mikro-dan-kecil-dengan-jumlah-usaha-terbanyak-2023-AEiLN.

Reza-Gharehbagh, R., Arisian, S., Hafezalkotob, A., & Makui, A. (2023). Sustainable supply chain finance through digital platforms: A pathway to green entrepreneurship. Annals of Operations Research, 331, 285-319. doi:10.1007/s10479-023-05456-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04623-5

Rupa, R. A., & Saif, A. N. M. (2021). Impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) on business performance and environmental sustainability: Case of a developing country. Business Perspectives and Research, 10(1), 140-163. doi:10.1177/2278533720983089. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533720983089

Shaheen, N., Shaheen, A., Ramadan, A., Hefnawy, M.T, Ramadan A, Ibrahim IA, Hassanein ME, Ashour ME and Flouty O (2023). Appraising systematic reviews: a comprehensive guide to ensuring validity and reliability. Front. Res. Metr. Anal., 8, 1268045. doi: 10.3389/frma.2023.1268045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2023.1268045

Sunarya, E., Nur, T., Rachmawati, I., Suwiryo, D. H., & Jamaludin, M. (2023). Antecedents of green supply chain collaborative innovation in tourism SMEs: Moderating the effects of socio‑demographic factors. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(1), 161–168. doi:10.5267/j.uscm.2022.10.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2022.10.011

Syarief, E. (2021). The role of market uncertainty in fostering innovation and green supply chain management on the performance of tourism SMEs. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 9(3), 617–624. doi:10.5267/j.uscm.2021.5.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.5.009

Tuni, A., Rentizelas, A., & Duffy, A. (2018). Environmental performance measurement for green supply chains: A systematic analysis and review of quantitative methods. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 48(8), 765–793. doi:10.1108/IJPDLM-02-2017-0062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-02-2017-0062

Vörösmarty, G., & Dobos, I. (2020). Green purchasing frameworks considering firm size: a multicollinearity analysis using variance inflation factor. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 21(4), 290–301. doi:10.1080/16258312.2020.1776090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2020.1776090

Waqas, U., Umair, S., Mrugalska, B., Al Shamsi, I. R., & Bystrov, I. (2024). Mediating role of green talent management between green strategic orientation and sustainable supply chain performance among SMEs of Oman. Annals of Operations Research, 340, 1063–1089. doi:10.1007/s10479-024-06159-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-024-06159-2

Yaroson, E. V., Chowdhury, S., Mangla, S. K., & Dey, P. K. (2024). Unearthing the interplay between organisational resources, knowledge and Industry 4.0 analytical decision support tools to achieve sustainability and supply chain wellbeing. Annals of Operations Research, 342, 1321–1368. doi:10.1007/s10479-024-05845-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-024-05845-5

Zeng, H., Li, R. Y. M., & Zeng, L. (2022). Evaluating green supply chain performance based on ESG and financial indicators. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 982828. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.982828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.982828

Zhan, Z., Chin, T. A., Kaihan, Y., & Qi, Q. (2024). Green supply chain management practices and sustainability performance: A review and future perspectives. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(12), 1220-1232. doi:10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i12/24075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i12/24075

Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2004). Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Operations Management, 22(3), 265–289. doi:10.1016/j.jom.2004.01.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2004.01.005

Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2008). Confirmation of a measurement model for green supply chain management practices implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 111(2), 261–273. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.11.029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.11.029