RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) VARIETAS RUBARU TERHADAP BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI DAN MIKORIZA DI VERTISOL

Slamet Supriyadi
Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Indonesia
Fahmi Arief Rahman
Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Indonesia
Beti Dwi Purwati
Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Indonesia

Abstract

Cultivating red onion on a Vertisol during rainny season could face to physical and chemical problems from the soil. Application of biochar and mycorrhiza can improve soil quality both physical and chemical properties of Vertisol. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rice husk biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on growth and yield of red onion grown on a vertisol. The research was carried out at the Agrotechnology Research Station, University of Trunojoyo Madura from December 2018 to February 2019. The experiments were arranged on Split Plot Design (SPD) with the main plots were the biochar treatments and the sub plots were AMF applications. Two rates of biochar applications namely B0 (no biochar) and B1 (10 ton/ha), and four rates of AMF applications involving M0 (no mycorrhiza), M1 (2.5 g/plant), M2 (5 g/plant) and M3 (10 g/plant), were employed. No P fertilizer was applied on three AMF treatments (M1, M2, and M3). There were 8 combination treatments, and each treatment was replicated four times to end up in 32 experimental units. The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar and AMF treatments on all observed parameters. Biochar increased the number of leaves at 4 and 6 WAP (week after planting), the number of roots, and the weight of fresh tubers, and dry tubers that were suitable for storage. Mycorrhizal (AMF) application significantly influenced the number of leaves at 2 and 6 WAP, number of roots, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers, and percentage of AMF root colonization. The application of rice husk biochar and AMF increased tuber yields respectively up to 17.21% and 19.58% compared to that of control.

Keywords
amendment; vegetative phase; soil microorganism
References

Berek, AK., Tabati, PO., Keraf, UU., Bere, E., Taekab, R., Wora, A. 2017. Perbaikan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Tanah di Tanah Entisol Semiarid melalui Aplikasi Biochar. Jurnal Penelitian Konservasi Lahan Kering. 2(3): 56–58.

Chan, K, Y, van Zwieten, B, L, Meszaros, I, Downie, D, and Joseph, S, 2008. Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 45: 437-444.

FungWong, JTF., Chen, Z., YanWong, AY., Waing, CW., HungWong, M. 2018. Effects of biochar on hydraulic conductivity of compacted kaolin clay. Environemental Pollution (234): 468-472

Glaser, B., Balashov, E., Haumaier L., Guggenberger G,. & Zech W. 2003. Black Carbon in Density Fractions of antropogenic Soil of the Brazilian Amazon region. Organic Geochem, 31: 669-678

Hammer, EC., Balogh-Brunstad,Z., Jakobsen, I., Olsson, PA., Stipp, LSS. dan Rillig, MC. 2014 A mycorrhizal fungus grows on biochar and captures phosphorus from its surface. Soil Biology and Biochemistry (77):252-260

Handayanto dan Hairiah. 2011. Biologi Tanah: Landasan Pengelolaan Tanah Sehat. Pustaka Adipura. Yogyakarta.

Hammond, D., Steeg3, H., & Van der Borg, K. 2007. Upland Soil Charcoal in The West Tropical Forest of Central Guyana. Biotropica, 39(2): 153-160

Ismail, M, Basri, A, B. 2011. Pemanfaatan Biochar Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Tanah. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Aceh.

Jarecki, MK., Lal, R. 2003. Crop Management for Soil Carbon Sequestration. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22(5):471–502

Johnson, NC., Graham, JH., Smith, FA. 1997. Functioning of Mycorrhizal Associations along the Mutualism-Parasitism Continum. New Phytol. 135:575-585.

Juriga, M., Šimanský, V., Horák, J., Kondrlová, E., Igaz, D., Pollakova, N., Buchkina, N., Balashov, E., 2018. The Effect of Different Rates of Biochar and Biochar in Combination with N Fertilizer on the Parameters of Soil Organic Matter and Soil Structure. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 19(6):153-161

Lal, R. 2006. Enhancing Crop Yield in the Developing Countries through Restoration of the Soil Organic Matter Carbon Pool in Agricultural Land. Land Degrad. Develop. 17: 197–209

Liu, X., Herbert, SJ., Hashemi, AM., Zhang, X., Ding, G. 2006. Effects of Agricultural Management on Soil Organic Matter and Carbon Transformation – a Review. Plant Soil Environment. 52 (12): 531–543

Lu, S., Sun, F., Zong, Y. 2014. Effect of rice husk biochar and coal fly ash on some physical properties of expansive clayey soil (Vertisol). Catena, 114, 37-44.

Miller RM., Jastrow JD. 2000. Mycorrhizal Fungi Influence Soil Structure. In: Kapulnik Y., Douds D.D. (eds) Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Springer, Dordrecht.

Mukherjee, A., Lal, R. 2013. Biochar impacts on soil physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Agronomy 12: 313-339.

Prassard, C., Dell, B. 2010 Phosphorus Nutrition of Mycorrhizal Trees. Tree Physiology 30 (9): 1129–1139.

Rahman, MT., Zhu, QH., Zhang, ZB., Zhou, H., Peng. 2017.The roles of organic amendments and microbial community in the improvement of soil structure of a Vertisol. Applied Soil Ecology (111): 84-93

Rahman, FA., Supriyadi, S. dan Mulyawan, R. 2022. Pengaruh Biochar dan Bentonit-eraktivasi Asam terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Lempung Liat Berpasir Bangkalan. Jurnal Agroekotek 14 (1): 80 - 92

Salawati S., Basir-cyio M., Kadekoh I., dan Thaha, AR. 2016. Potensi Biochar Sekam Padi terhadap Perubahan pH, KTK, C organik dan P Tersedia pada Tanah Sawah Inceptisol. Jurnal Agroland. 23(2):101-109.

Sandiwantoro, RT., Murdiono, WE., Islami, T. 2017. Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 5(10): 1600–1607.

Smith, SE., Read, DJ. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis 3rd Edition. Academic Press. London

Solaiman, Z. M and H. M. Anawar. 2015. Aplication of Biochars for Soil Constraints: Challenges and Solution. Pedosphere, 25(5): 631- 638.

Sumiati, E., Gunawan, OS. 2006. Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Serapan Unsur Hara NPK Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hasil Dan Kualitas Umbi Bawang Merah. Jurnal Hortikultura 17 (1): 34-42.

Sun, F., Lu, S. 2014, Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore-space properties of clayey soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177: 26-33.

Supriyadi, S. 2007. Kesuburan tanah di lahan kering Madura. Embriyo 4 (2):124-131.

Tuheteru, FD., Husna, Arif A., Mansur, I. 2012. Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza Untuk Budidaya dan Rehabilitasi Wilayah Pantai. Seameo Biotrop. Bogor.

Warnock, DD, Lehmann, J., Kuyper, TW., Rillig, M.C., 2007. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil – concepts and mechanisms. Plant and Soil (300): 9-20.

Zong, Y., Chen, D., Lu, S., 2014. Impact of biochars on swell-shringkage behavior, mechanical strenght, and surface cracking of clay soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 177 (6): 920-926.

Information
PDF
731 times PDF : 804 times