SELEKSI BAKTERI RHIZOSFER TANAMAN RAMBUTAN SEBAGAI AGENS BIOKONTROL PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI (Capsicum annum L.)
Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Gunadarma
Indonesia
Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Gunadarma
Indonesia
Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Gunadarma
Indonesia
Abstract
Cabai merupakan sayuran yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Kendala dalam budidaya cabai yaitu adanya infeksi penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan Colletotrichum sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri rizosfer yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan. Colletotrichum sp. Colletotrichum diisolasi dari buah cabai bergejala antraknosa, sedangkan bakteri rhizosfer diisolasi dengan teknik pengenceran dari sampel tanah di daerah perakaran tanaman rambutan. Populasi bakteri rhizosfer dihitung dan dikarakterisasi secara morfologi. Isolat bakteri rhizosfer diuji antibiosis dengan Colletotrichum dengan metoda uji dual culture, kemudian dihitung persentase daya penghambatangan. Isolat bakteri rhizosfer juga diuji potensi pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dengan cara merendam benih cabai pada suspensi bakteri semalaman. Selanjutnya benih cabai disemai pada baki semai. Tinggi tajuk dan panjang akar dihitung pada 14 hari setelah semai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa Colletotrichum yang berhasil diisolasi teridentifikasi sebagai C. acutatum, bakteri rhizobia diisolasi sebanyak 5 morfospesies dengan populasi bakteri 4.75 x 104 CFU/mL, penekanan pertumbuhan Colletotrichum sp. oleh bakteri rhizosfer sebesar 0.31-2.02%. Selain itu bakteri rhizosfer juga memiliki potensi sebagai agens pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman.
Keywords
References
Ahmed E. Holmström SJ. 2014. Siderophores in environmental research: roles and applications. Microb Biotechnol. 7: 196-208.
Ali S, Hameed S, Shahid M, Iqbal M, Lazarovits G, Imran A,
Functional Characterization of Potential PGPR Exhibiting Broad-spectrum Antifungal activity,Microbiological Research (2019),
Arta BP, Noor GMS, Makalew AM. 2019. Respon cabai rawit varietas hiyung (Capsicum frutescens L.) terhadap konsentrasi PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobateria) pada ultisol di Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Agrotek View: Jurnal Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa 2(1): 1-8.
Barnett HL., Hunter BB., 1998. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi.4th Edition. APS Press, St, Paul. 218 p.
Charumathi M, Raj TS. Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens from rhizosphere soil against fruit rot of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici (SYD) Butler and Bisby. Plant Archives 20(1): 761-766.
Chowdappa P, Kumar SM. Lakshmi MJ, Upreti KK, 2013. Growth stimulation and induction of systemic resistance in tomato against early and late blight by Bacillus subtilis OTPB1 or Trichoderma harzianum OTPB3. Biol. Control 65 (1), 109–117.
Dimkpa C, Weinand T, Asch F. 2009. Plant rhizobacteria interactions alleviate abiotic stress conditions. Plant Cell Environ. 32:1682–1694.
Etesami H, Alikhani HA, Hosseini HM. 2015.Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production trait, a useful screening to select endophytic and rhizosphere competent bacteria for rice growth promoting agents. MethodsX. 2, 72-78.
Fitri L, Yasmin Y. 2011. Isolasi dan pengamatan morfologi koloni bakteri kitinolitik. Jurnal Biologi Edukasi 3(2): 20-25.
Glick BR, Cheng Z, Czarny J, Duan J. 2007. Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase-producing soil bacteria. Eur J Plant Pathol. 119: 329-339.
Gowtham HG, Murali M, Singh SB, Lakshmeesha TR, Murthy KN, Amurthesh KN, Niranjana SR. 2018. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improves plant growth and induces resistance in chilli against antrachnose disease. Biological control 126: 209-217.Haas D, Defago G. 2005. Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonas. Nat Rev Microbiol 3: 307-319.
Hariprasad P, Chandrashekar S, Singh SB, Niranjana SR, 2014. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion and disease suppression by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 2apa. J. Basic Microbiol. 54 (8), 792–801.
Islam, S., Akanda, A.M., Prova, A., Islam, M.T., Hossain, M.M., 2016. Isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression. Front. Microbiol. 6, 1360.
Jayapala N, Mallikarjunaiah NH, Puttaswamy H, Gavirangappa H, Ramachandrappa NS. 2019. Rhizobacteria Bacillus spp. induce resistance against anthracnose disease in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) through activating host defense respon. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 29(45): 1-9.Jayaprakashvel M, Mathivanan N. 2011. Management of plant disease by microbial metabolites, di dalam: Harikesh BS, Chetan K, Reddy MS, Estibaliz S, Carlos GE (Ed), Bacteria in Agrobiologi: Plant Nutrient Management, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 237-265.
Labuschagne N, Pretorius T, Idris AH. 2010. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents against soil-borne plant diseases. In: Plant growth and health promoting bacteria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 211–230.
Nurunnisa, Kusnadi D, Harniati. 2020. Implementasi teknologi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) pada budidaya cabai di Kecamatan Rancabungur. Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian 1(3): 559-568.
Ollo L, Siahaan P, Kolondam B. 2019. Uji penggunaan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) terhadap pertumbuhan vegetative tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum anuumL.). Jurnal MIPA Unsrat online 8(3): 150-155.
Prihatiningsih N, Djatmiko HA, Erminawati, Lestari P. 2019. Bacillus subtilis from potato rhizosphere as biocontrol agent and chili growth promotor. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23(2): 179-184.
Ramdan EP, Risnawati. 2018. Aplikasi bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dari babadotan dan pengaruhya pada perkembangan benih cabai. Jurnal Pertanian Presisi 2(1): 1-10.
Ramdan, EP, Arti IM, Risnawati. 2019. Identifikasi dan uji virulensi penyakit antraknosa pada pascapanen buah cabai. Jurnal Pertanian Presisi 3(1): 67-76.
Rohini, Gowtham, H.G., Hariprasad, P., Singh, S.B., Niranjana, S.R., 2016. Biological control of Phomopsis leaf blight of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) with combining phylloplane and rhizosphere colonizing beneficial bacteria. Biol. Control 101: 123–129.
Sangdee, A, Sachan, S & Khankhum, S 2011, ‘Morphological, pathological and molecular variability of Colletotrichum capsici causing anthracnose of chilli in the North-East of Thailand’, Afr. J. Microb. Res. 5 (25): 43-72.
Soesanto L.2006. Penyakit Pascapanen : Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta (ID): Kanisius.
Syamsiah M, Royani. 2014. Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) terhadap pemberian PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobakteri) dari akar bamboo dan urine kelinci. Jurnal Agroscience 4(2): 109-114.
Tanya A, Filion M. 2017. Biocontrol through antibiosis: exploring the role played by subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in soil and their impact on plant pathogen. Can J Plant Pathol 39: 675-693.
Than PP, Prihastuti H, Phoulivong S, Taylor PW, Hyde KD. 2008. Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. 9 (10), 764.
Thind TS, Jhooty JS. 1985. Relative prevalence of fungal diseases of chilli fruits in Punjab. J. Mycol. Plant Pathol. 15 (3), 305–307.
