DAMPAK URBAN SPRAWL TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DI INDONESIA
Politeknik Statistika STIS
Indonesia
Politeknik Statistika STIS
Indonesia
Abstract
Peningkatan urban sprawl di Indonesia cukup masif sejak perubahan sistem pemerintahan dari sentralisasi menjadi desentralisasi. Peningkatan tersebut bisa berdampak pada produktivitas tenaga kerja, namun dampaknya masih bersifat ambigu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara urban sprawl dan produktivitas tenaga kerja di kabupaten/kota pada tahun 2022 dengan menggunakan instrumental variable - two stage least squares (IV-2SLS). Urban sprawl menggambarkan rata-rata proporsi undeveloped land di radius 1,5 km dari lingkungan tempat tinggal penduduk. Hasilnya membuktikan bahwa urban sprawl berhubungan negatif dengan produktivitas tenaga kerja, terutama di kabupaten/kota berpenduduk padat dan di Jawa. Hasil ini menyiratkan bahwa kebijakan anti urban sprawl di kabupaten/kota berpenduduk padat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tenaga kerja. Kabupaten/kota dengan urban sprawl rendah cenderung menarik penduduk berpendidikan tinggi. Ini mungkin menyebabkan produktivitas di kabupaten/kota tersebut tinggi. Selain itu, urban sprawl dikaitkan dengan upah yang rendah. Perusahaan yang berada di urban sprawl bisa memiliki produktivitas yang lebih rendah, namun kerugian tersebut sebanding dengan pembayaran upah yang rendah ke tenaga kerja. Meskipun demikian, urban sprawl memungkinkan tenaga kerja tinggal dekat dengan tempat kerja sehingga upah yang rendah belum tentu mencerminkan penurunan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja.
Keywords
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