This journal is published periodically twice a year, June and December. It publishes a broad range of research articles on linguistics, general culture, and literature in English. This journal is published by Bagian Publikasi Universitas Gunadarma. Journal of Language and Literature is Nationally Accredited by DIKTI with ranking of SINTA (S4).
DEVERBALISATION OF -ATION AND DEADJECTIVALISATION OF -NESS IN ENGLISH: A COGNITIVE SEMANTICS PERSPECTIVE
This paper examines the English nominalising suffixes -ation and -ness from a cognitive semantic perspective, focusing on the processes of deverbalisation and deadjectivalisation. The study investigates these two abstract noun-forming suffixes as its primary objects of analysis and employs a descriptive-explanatory method to interpret the research data. Particular attention is given to how -ation and -ness interact with lexical and conceptual meaning in the formation of abstract nouns. From a semantic standpoint, nouns derived with -ation typically express complex eventive or processual meanings, often involving argument structure and telicity that depend on the semantic properties of the verbal base. In contrast, -ness generally forms nouns that denote qualities or states abstracted from adjectival bases, exhibiting relatively stable semantic interpretations. The analysis is supported by corpus-based evidence and semantic classification frameworks that differentiate eventive from non-eventive interpretations of derived nominals. In addition, the study draws on theoretical insights from lexical semantics and frame semantics to explain the semantic behaviour of these derivational patterns. The findings indicate that both suffixes demonstrate productive derivational processes associated with polysemy and morphological productivity, with their semantic outcomes influenced by the grammatical category of the base and patterns of language use. Finally, the paper situates these findings within broader discussions of English nominal semantics and word formation, highlighting their implications for understanding the lexical-semantic representation of derived words.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Language and Literature https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ENGLISH CLUB ABSENTEEISM AND PARTICIPATION STRATEGIES IN A VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Extracurricular English Clubs are expected to provide students with additional space to practise English beyond regular classroom instruction, yet many clubs struggle to sustain attendance. This study investigated absenteeism in the English Club of an Indonesian vocational high school and identified instructor-centered strategies that may improve participation. One research question guided the study: what individual and school-related factors explain students' absenteeism in the English Club, and what strategies can be used to address the participation issue? The study employed a qualitative phenomenological design supported by questionnaire data from sixteen English Club members and semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants representing active, passive, and former members. The data were interpreted through thematic analysis. The findings show that individual absenteeism was strongly related to low self-esteem in English skills, anxiety when performing English, psychological fatigue, safety concerns, and difficulty managing competing activities. School-related absenteeism was shaped mainly by uncertain extracurricular schedules during school renovation, weak attendance accountability, the absence of meaningful sanctions, and students' perception that English Club attendance was not treated seriously by the school. Students preferred strategies related to respectful instructor behaviour, mastery of lesson content, varied teaching methods, confidence-building support, practical learning materials, and clearer operational discipline. The study concludes that absenteeism in the English Club is not merely a student motivation problem; it is produced by the interaction of affective, institutional, pedagogical, and operational conditions.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Language and Literature https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SOCIAL AWARENESS IN AN INDONESIAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEXTBOOK
Social awareness is a central component of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) because it supports empathy, perspective-taking, respect for diversity, and responsible participation in social life. In English language education, textbooks function not only as linguistic resources but also as carriers of social and interpersonal values. However, previous studies have more often examined moral or cultural values in general than the specific representation of social awareness in English textbooks. This study investigates how social awareness is represented in English for Nusantara Grade IX, an Indonesian junior high school English textbook, by using the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) framework. Employing qualitative content analysis, the study analysed both verbal elements, including dialogues, narratives, instructions, and tasks, and visual elements, including illustrations and photographs. The findings identified 215 instances of social awareness, of which 173 instances (80.5%) were verbal and 42 instances (19.5%) were visual. The most frequent sub-skills were taking others’ perspectives (54 instances) and recognising situational demands and opportunities (52 instances), while showing concern for the feelings of others (9 instances) and identifying diverse social norms, including unjust ones (10 instances), appeared least frequently. The findings indicate that the textbook strongly emphasises interpersonal understanding and adaptability, mainly through context-rich dialogues and narratives, while visual elements play a supportive rather than independent role. The study concludes that although the textbook meaningfully incorporates social awareness, its representation remains uneven. More balanced integration across all CASEL sub-skills, especially those related to emotional care, diversity, and unjust social norms, is needed to better support holistic SEL development in English language learning.
CLASS - CHANGING DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES IN CHILDREN’S STORY BOOK ENTITLED “MAGNIFICENT MILLIE”
Mastering knowledge of a language entails understanding its lexicon. Morpheme is one of the numerous basic units in morphology. Derivational suffixes are found in bound morphemes. Derivational suffixes can change the category and kind of meaning of the form to which they apply, resulting in the creation of a new word. This article examines the class-changing derivational suffixes in a children’s story book entitled “Magnificent Millie”. This research used descriptive-qualitative method to discover and understand how language, specifically suffixation, is utilized to construct meaning in a text. The research data is collected by using a documentation technique. The research object is a children’s story book entitled “Magnificent Millie”. The result of this study shows that class-changing derivational suffixes can be found in a children’s story book entitled “Magnificent Millie”. the researcher found 15 data of class-changing derivational suffixes which is divided into 10 data of noun derivation, 4 data of adverb derivation, and 1 datum of adjective derivation. This shows that children’s story book can be a good medium to learn about derivational suffixes.
TYPES OF SLANG WORDS IN HAUNTED HOTEL CARTOON IN EPISODES 1
Slang represents a dynamic form of informal language that reflects social identity, interpersonal relationships, and cultural practices within speech communities. Although numerous studies have investigated slang in films, songs, and animated media, relatively few have applied Eric Partridge's sociolinguistic taxonomy to contemporary audiovisual discourse. This study aims to identify and analyze the types of slang used in Haunted Hotel Episode 1 based on Eric Partridge's classification of slang. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method using document analysis. The data consisted of slang expressions identified from the official English subtitles and spoken dialogues of Haunted Hotel Episode 1. The data were collected through repeated viewing, transcription verification, identification of candidate slang expressions, and classification according to Partridge's taxonomy. The data were analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, including data collection, condensation, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal 15 slang expressions that satisfy Partridge's criteria. All identified expressions belong to Society Slang, including heads up, goddamn it, dude, hell yeah, big bro, jeez, son of a bitch, sis, buddy, what the hell, what the hell is it?, come on man, bitch and damn it. These expressions primarily function to express familiarity, emotional intensity, humor, solidarity, and spontaneity in everyday interaction among family members, hotel staff, guests, and supernatural characters. The dominance of Society Slang indicates that the series emphasizes natural conversational language characteristics of contemporary informal communication. The study contributes to sociolinguistic research by demonstrating the continuing relevance of Partridge's taxonomy for analyzing slang in modern animated television discourse while distinguishing genuine slang from ordinary informal vocabulary and contractions.
IMPROVING BEGINNER STUDENT’S CHINESE LISTENING SKILLS THROUGH THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM METHOD: A ONE-GROUP PRETEST-POSTTEST STUDY AT UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG
This study investigates the use of the flipped classroom method to improve first-year students’ Chinese listening skills and examines their satisfaction with its implementation in the “Chuji Hanyu Tingli Xia” course. A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed with 32 Mandarin Language Education students at Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. The intervention lasted six weeks and included pre-class listening materials, classroom discussion, peer correction, and teacher-guided practice. Data were collected using the HSK Level 3 listening test and a student satisfaction questionnaire. The results showed that students’ mean listening score increased from 67.19 to 78.59. A paired-samples t-test indicated a significant difference, t(31) = −4.790, p < .001, with a large effect size (Cohen’s dz = 0.85). The questionnaire results also indicated generally positive student satisfaction. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because no control group was used.
EXPLORING VISUAL SEMIOTICS IN MYKONOS MILK DROPS SERIES PERFUME PACKAGING THROUGH PIERCE’S THEORY OF NON-VERBAL SIGNS
This research aims to explore the visual semiotics of Mykonos' Milk Drops series, a collection of unisex fragrances that challenge traditional gender norms in the perfume industry. The study investigates how the packaging of these fragrances communicates the essence of the scents within, focusing on the signs and symbols employed to convey meaning and evoke consumer interest. This qualitative research employs purposive sampling to focus on three specific variants of Mykonos' Milk Drops series: Milk Drops, Pink Drops, and Café Drops. The study applies Peirce's triadic semiotic theory to examine the non-verbal signs found on the packaging, classifying them as Qualisigns, Sinsigns, Icons, Indexes, Rheme and Dicents. This research offers valuable insights into the role of visual semiotics in the fragrance industry, particularly regarding perfumes. By demonstrating how packaging can encapsulate complex ideas and emotions through visual language, the study emphasizes the significance of design in marketing strategies and its potential impact on consumer behavior. The findings reveals how non-verbal signs communicate the product's essence. The packaging initially presents as a Qualisign (color), followed by various Sinsigns (cow images, box shape, cowhide patterns, water droplets). These function as Icons (representing cows and milk cartons) and Indexes (cowhide), with water droplets further suggesting the freshness and scent of milk.
IMPLICATURE TYPES IN ED SHEERAN’S SELECTED SONG LYRICS
Pragmatics, a branch of linguistics, examines how context influences meaning in communication. This study applies H.P. Grice’s theory of implicature to explore how Ed Sheeran’s lyrics convey implicit meanings that deepen emotional impact and engage listeners. While modern music often carries rich emotional undertones, the subtle, implied meanings in lyrics are frequently overlooked. Recognizing these layers is key to understanding how language in music communicates complex feelings and experiences. The research aimed to identify and categorize conventional and conversational implicatures in five selected songs: The A Team, Bloodstream, Castle on the Hill, Photograph, and Salt Water. Using a qualitative approach, the study analyzed lyrical content in both auditory and visual formats, focusing on how context and shared knowledge influence interpretation. A total of 32 implicatures were identified 15 conventional and 17 conversational each contributing uniquely to the listener’s emotional and interpretive experience. These findings highlight Sheeran’s ability to encode meaning through culturally familiar expressions and subtle narrative cues, enhancing the depth and relatability of his music. his study contributes to both linguistic and music discourse by addressing a research gap: although implicature has been widely examined in spoken conversations, literary works, and advertisements, its application in the analysis of popular song lyrics remains limited. By focusing on this underexplored area, the study underscores the importance of pragmatic analysis in understanding artistic language and offers insights into how implicit communication shapes listener engagement and emotional connection.
SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF MOON KNIGHT EPISODE 5: ASYLUM USING PEIRCE'S THEORY OF SIGN
This research presents a semiotic analysis in an episode of a television series, focusing on Episode 5 of Moon Knight, titled "Asylum." Utilizing Charles Sanders Peirce’s triadic model—comprising representamen, object, and interpretant—this study aims to investigate how signs and symbols function within the narrative to construct meaning, depict trauma, and illustrate the protagonist’s fragmented identity. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, the research identifies key symbolic elements such as the asylum, the goddess Taweret, and the feather of the truth and examines their roles in expressing inner conflict and psychological dissociation. The researchers found and analyzed 10 symbols in the studied episode. This analysis reveals how the episode constructs psychological, mythological, and moral meanings through visual and narrative symbolic signs to represent the main character's inner emotional states. Furthermore, the analyzed episode serves as a powerful example of how visual narration and semiotic structures can merge to explore mental health, identity fragmentation, and the quest for self-acceptance.
THE FALSE NARRATIVE OF SETTLER COLONIALISM PORTRAYED IN ISRAELI CHILDREN’S STORY BOOK
The false narrative of settler colonialism is a form of colonial narrative through literacy media carried out to be able to control an area and eliminate the identity of the indigenous population of a community. This study aims to dismantle the false narrative contained in one of the Israeli children's story books entitled “Alon and Lebanon". The theoretical basis used in this study is the Critical Discourse Analysis Theory by Teun A. Van Dijk (2001), this theory offers two concepts of analysis levels, namely microlevel analysis and macrolevel analysis. The supporting theories used in this study are Marcel Danesi's Narrative Theory (2004) and Evelyn Nakana Glenn's Settler Colonialism Theory (2014). The study was conducted using qualitative methods. The results of the study show that in the Israeli children's story book entitled “Alon and Lebanon" two types of false narratives were found, namely absurd narrative and deceptive narrative.
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF GRIEVING ON MILES’ CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL UGLY LOVE
The painful loss can influence one character's development as described by psychological fiction work. Coleen Hoover's book Ugly Love follows the protagonist's emotional journey following the deaths of his mother and kid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological effects of grieving on the main character, Miles Archer using Kübler-Ross's theory of the grief five stages. Using qualitative method and a literary psychology approach, this study traces the main character's journey to acceptance while examining how his self-destructive actions and relationship patterns reflect unresolved grief. The findings of this study are showing that the main character attempts to confront his trauma, seek reconciliation, and begin emotional healing. This study highlights how stories related to grief in literature can reflect people’s emotional experiences in real life, which reveals the deep grief. According to the study's findings, addressing the psychological effects of loss in fictional characters shows the effects of personal development and wholesome relationships.
LITERARY TRANSLATION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN SPINNER OF THE DARKNESS & OTHER TALES SHORT STORIES
Nowadays, many Indonesian literary works are translated into English due to Indonesian authors Internationally acknowledged. One of them is Intan Paramaditha Book entitled Spinner of Darkness & Other Tales. The stories in this book have been translated into English and German. This article aims to show how Conditional Sentences in the stories are being translated into English and what literary translation strategies were used to translate them. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The Literary translation of conditional sentences and the use of the literary translation strategies are analyzed and described qualitatively. The result of the study showed that conditional sentences are translated into three different types of English conditional sentences. 10% of the data are translated into Conditional sentences type 1, 80% of the data are translated into conditional sentences type 2, and 10% of the data are translated into Conditional sentences type 3. There are three literary translation strategies used to translate conditional sentences; 50% of the data used helper strategy, 30% of the data used adherent strategy and 20% of the data used observer strategy. Thus, the literary translation approach that is mostly used in this study is a biased approach since helper strategy belongs to Biased principal-strategies
THE POWER OF SPEECH ACTS OF DEMONIC EXORCISM PRAYERS IN THE FILM POPE’S EXORCIST (2023
This research analyzes the exorcism prayers uttered by the main character in the exorcism ritual scene in the film The Pope's Exorcist (2023). The purpose is to examine the elements of speech acts based on Austin's theory (1962) developed by Searle (1969). The elements include locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. The research also seeks to determine whether the exorcism prayers fall into the constative or performative category. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a pragmatic analysis approach. The results show 5 data on each element of speech acts that are interrelated. In the locutionary act, the 5 data contain literal meanings in accordance with the three main aspects, namely phonetic, phatic, and retic. Illocutionary act consists of 3 expressive and 2 directives. While perlocutionary act include 3 that cause surprising, 1 dissuading, and 1 persuading. In terms of speech categories, 2 are constative and 3 are performative. This research contributes to pragmatic linguistic analysis in religious-horror films and offers insights into language use in Chatolic Church ritual practices, particularly exorcism.
THE SEMANTIC OF COLOURS IN THE SIKKA LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF CONNOTATION
The study aims to identify the names of colours in the Sikka Language, analyse the connotations associated with these colours, and investigate their functions within the Sikka community. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through observation, interviews, and data elicitation with native speakers from Wolomotong Village. Data analysis employed the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory to uncover the semantic and cultural meanings of colour terms. The findings reveal that the Sikka Language categorizes colours into three groups: basic colours, such as red (merak), white (bura), and black (mitan); derived colours, such as yellow (heret), green (daan), blue (daan wair) and brown(meran); and modern or borrowed colours, such as purple (langor), orange (heret duan), and pink (meran nurak). Colours in the Sikka Language carry profound connotative meanings tied to cultural and social contexts, including symbolic associations with beauty, courage, purity, and prosperity. Additionally, colours serve vital functions as markers of social identity, integral components of traditional rituals, and mediums for conveying cultural values. This study contributes to the field of semantics by offering insights into the interplay between language, culture, and cognition. Furthermore, it supports the preservation and promotion of local languages and cultural heritage.
CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS AS MUSLIM IDENTITY IN ZOHRAN MAMDANI’S SPEECHES
This study investigates connotative meaning in Zohran Mamdani’s speeches and its relation to Muslim identity. It addresses the limited discussion of how connotative meaning functions in political discourse, particularly in relation to minority identity. This study aims to identify positive and negative connotative meanings and explain how they relate to the expression of Muslim identity. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the study analyzes 13 lexical items selected from two speeches delivered in different political contexts. The analysis is based on Leech’s (1981) theory of connotative meaning and Joseph’s (2004) view of language and identity. The findings show that 6 lexical items carry positive connotations, reflecting affirmation, dignity, belonging, visibility, and solidarity, while 7 lexical items carry negative connotations, indicating marginalization, stigma, prejudice, and social pressure. The study finds that connotative meaning is closely related to identity because it shows how Muslim identity is expressed, experienced, and understood through lexical choices. Overall, the study suggests that speech is not only used to deliver messages, but also to shape identity within a broader social context.
ECRANISATION OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS IN THE NOVEL AND FILM CINTA DALAM IKHLAS
This study aims to describe the ecranisation process of intrinsic elements, including plot, characters, and settings, from the novel "Cinta dalam Ikhlas" (2017) by Kang Abay into its film adaptation (2024) directed by Fajar Bustomi. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques. The ecranisation theory used covers three main processes: reduction (shrinkage), expansion (addition), and variation change. The results show that in the plot aspect, there is a reduction in the main character's middle school memories and a variation change in the exam announcement medium from newspapers to online systems. In the character aspect, there is a reduction in the number of the main character's siblings and the removal of several supporting characters. Meanwhile, in the setting aspect, visual adjustments were made to support the dramatization of the story on the big screen. In conclusion, the transformation from novel to film underwent various significant changes to adapt to the duration and aesthetics of audio-visual media without losing the essence of the religious message in the story.
UNVEILING GENDER OPPRESSION THROUGH INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL OF WOMEN IN IMMACULATE
This study aims to analyze gender oppression in the horror film Immaculate directed by Michael Mohan. The study seeks to understand how gender oppression is shown through the main female character's experiences inside a religious institution. Using a qualitative method, this study relied on repeated viewing of the film and examined selected scenes, dialogues, and character interactions that highlight the main character's experiences of oppression. The data was then analyzed through Iris Marion Young's Five Faces of Oppression theory, which provides a useful framework for identifying how oppression works against marginalized individuals. The findings show that all five forms of oppression appear in the film, namely exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. The main character's body was used by the institution without her knowledge or consent for religious purposes. She was excluded from meaningful participation within the convent community, and she had no power to make decisions about her own body and health. She was also forced to accept the institution's dominant belief system and suffered physical violence as a deliberate means of institutional control. These findings show how Immaculate criticizes gender-based oppression within religious and institutional settings.